Thursday, November 28, 2019

Technology and Policing free essay sample

Law Enforcement embraced the use of a wide range of these scientific techniques to curb criminals. Policing has integrated technology in their work to make apprehension of criminals and investigation of cases easier. Technology In the police department ranges from computers to computer software which has made policing more convenient and efficient to the public community and to the law enforcers. This paper will therefore establish the particular technological advances that have made police work more accurate and time saving, how much of he technology the law enforcement should embrace and how technology is being used by law enforcement.Two journals are compared and contrasted. Peter Manning, in his Journal describes how technology has helped In policing through use of Information technology In crime analysis and crime mapping. In his journal, Manning argues that although technology In police departments have helped in solving crimes and curbing criminals more efficiently, technology is not being used to its full potential to fight crime. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and Policing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some police departments are yet to embrace policing technology and this derails them in fighting crime.Therefore, he commends suitable technologies that can be adopted in policing to make their work easier (Manning, 2008). In his Journal, he explores the Interrelationship between public and private police Institution. HIS SIX year long research focuses on three police department in Washington and explores the effects that different forms of technology have on policing. His journal further looks into crime mapping and crime analysis in ways which the law enforcement firms can use to make their work more effective.Another Journal, Police Technology by Raymond E. Foster explores the history of been fully utilized in policing. Raymond attributes the effectiveness through which crimes are solved to technology. Fingerprinting and crime laboratories which were introduced in policing in the sass made solving of cases by the police faster. He further explores the role of private sector manufacturers, whose services the police depend to acquire the technology needed. Raymond report notes the introduction of computer in police stations to have been around the sass.He however reports that computers were not being used by the police to make their work effective, maybe due to the complexity of the gadget (Raymond, 2008). Police officers were hence squired to take courses to upgrade themselves to be able to use the computers although insufficient funds marred the training. Once in complete use, the computers cut the paper work in police departments almost by half. Today, even the small police stations have computers. The most widely used technology by the police is use of mobile phones.This technology gives room for mobility of the officers which is much needed if they are to catch up with criminals. Use of mobile phone technology allows the officers to access information from the Police National Computers, hence allowing them to do their ark without being at the office, hence efficiently. The emergency response departments have gained a lot from the use of mobile gadgets as they are able to respond faster to situations irrespective of their locations. The one major problem facing use of mobile technology is the network coverage, but with time it will improve. Actually, the police force encourages those officers with no knowledge of technological devices to learn about them, and require those Joining to have mandatory knowledge on the use of these devices. Another technological device that has helped law enforcers in curbing crimes is he use of laser guided tracking systems instead of engaging the criminal in a speed chase. The officers only follow the get away vehicle for a short distance; launch the GAPS device from the front of their vehicle onto the get away car through laser sight and let the criminal go away.The officers are able to follow the whereabouts of the suspect through wireless networks in real time. When the suspect slows down the police now apprehend him. This technology has helped the police force since a decline in deaths of those who die from stray bullets has been observed. The officers re also safe since they do not engage in shooting run away suspects. Suffolk police County Police Department is carrying a pilot test of this technology while the Los Angels Police Department is already using it.The Federal Investigation Bureau (FBI) is one unit that is using technology to do its work and technology has not disappointed them. The FBI launched the first investigation and crime laboratory in 1910. Ever since 1910, the lab has been updated through acquiring the newest technology. Evidence collected from a crime scene is taken to the lab and analyzed to help in solving the crime. The FBI is using a very interesting technology to detect whether a person knows something about a crime scene (Raymond, 2008).They take images of a crime scene, and using a called brain fingerprinting to detect the reaction of the person when he/she sees the images. The FBI can know if a person knows something about a certain crime depending on the reaction of the brain after seeing the images. Brain fingerprinting has helped the FBI solve numerous cold cases because it helps in collecting evidence on a crime. DNA is another technological advance that has made the work of the FBI easier. DNA use started in the early sass and its reliability was guaranteed.DNA testing has helped crime investigators since they can take DNA samples from the scene of crime and from the suspects and compare them. Cold cases which used to take months and years to solve can now be solved in a matter of days, thanks to DNA technology. By using DNA the FBI can also be able to connect a dead body to the owner and further to investigate cause of death leading to the arrest of the perpetrator. There are other technologies that have been of help in the police department although they are not talked about much.For example, use of rubber lets to disperse violent crowds, use of bullet proof Jackets by officers to protect themselves in case of shoot outs, use of small gadgets like tasters which delivers shock to a person momentarily killing them. A tasters only limitation is the range within which it can be used (Raymond, 2008). A police officer has to be close to the suspect to use it effectively, which might be dangerous for the officer. Technology is not only limited to the FBI. Other law enforcement units in dire need of technology are the border patrol police and the traffic police.The border police need equipment to detect hidden weapons and drugs being crossed over orders. They also need devices to stop run away speeding vehicles as suspicious vehicles speed away when stopped for investigation and police take time to catch them or loose them altogether (Manning, 2008). But with the introduction of tagging systems, fleeing vehicles will be a thing of the past. A remotely operated device can be attached to the fleeing vehicles and it can be followed remotely until it slows or stops thats when the culprit is accosted.The tagging device will also come in handy for the traffic police. They do not have to engage in high speed chases with criminals and endanger their lives and those of the citizens. Funds have always been the restricting factor for the growth and implementation of police technology although the government is doing all it can to make sure that the latest of the technologies are available to law enforcement officers. It is important for law enforcement officer to acclimatize to technology as it comes if they are to fight crime. Criminals are also not about to be left behind by technology (Raymond, 2008).They use the internet and mobile communication to plan and carry out their felonies. With all the technology available to anyone who as money, it is not difficult for Iranians to acquire the best guns and other lethal objects and the police should be in a position to deal with them. The use of a detector that can detect metal objects and other weapons is therefore a must have for police officer especially those on patrol. It helps the officers detect the weapons from a safe distance and accost the technology to curb criminals.For example, certain drug dealers had a website where they exchange ski materials with narcotics. Police posed as prospective buyers on the internet and caught the criminals in the act. Acceptance of technology by the law enforcers has also been cited as a reason why technology is not being fully utilized by law enforcers. Therefore, before Joining the police force it is important to have knowledge of the various form of technology in use so that it can be easy for and individual to acclimatize and use the technology (Manning, 2008).Technology not only helps protect the life of citizens, but also keeps the law enforcement community safe. Personally, I would recommend the use of as much technology as is available to the police to help fight crime since the criminals are also using crime to commit crimes. Technology will help the officers to be always step ahead of the criminals sometimes even catching them before they commit a crime or catching them red handed.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

The eNotes Blog Remembering Toni Morrison

Remembering Toni Morrison Toni Morrison, one of the most influential authors of the last century, passed away on August 5, marking the end of a long and prolific writing life. Although best known for novels such as Beloved, The Bluest Eye, and Song of Solomon, Morrison’s catalogue of work encompasses children’s stories, short fiction, plays, and non-fiction books exploring topics surrounding race, gender, power, and more. She held teaching positions in colleges and universities across the country, was the first African American to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, was awarded the Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American letters, and was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Morrison’s life and legacy are an inspiration to many. She was the first African-American woman to work as an editor at Random House. She made a strong impact on the literary world with her debut novel, The Bluest Eye, in 1970. Her works focus on the experience and perspectives of African Americans in order to draw attention to this underrepresented community. She provided American literature with insight into the dignity and richness of African American culture using language and a willingness to engage with often overlooked parts of history. When questioned about her decision to exclude the white perspective from her novels, Morrison outlined her literary creed:   I never asked Tolstoy to write for me, a little colored girl in Lorain, Ohio. I never asked [James] Joyce not to mention Catholicism or the world of Dublin. Never. And I don’t know why I should be asked to explain your life to you. We have splendid writers to do that, but I am not one of them. It is that business of being universal, a word hopelessly stripped of meaning for me†¦ If I tried to write a universal novel, it would be water. Behind this question is the suggestion that to write for black people is somehow to diminish the writing. From my perspective there are only black people. When I say â€Å"people,† that’s what I mean. Though no summary can quite do justice to the depth and complexity of her work, these excerpts will inspire you to explore Morrison’s rich and masterful prose on your own: Love is never any better than the lover. Wicked people love wickedly, violent people love violently, weak people love weakly, stupid people love stupidly, but the love of a free man is never safe. There is no gift for the beloved. The lover alone possesses his gift of love. The loved one is shorn, neutralized, frozen in the glare of the lover’s inward eye. - The Bluest Eye You cant own a human being. You cant lose what you dont own. Suppose you did own him. Could you really love somebody who was absolutely nobody without you? You really want somebody like that? Somebody who falls apart when you walk out the door? You dont, do you? And neither does he. Youre turning over your whole life to him. Your whole life, girl. And if it means so little to you that you can just give it away, hand it to him, then why should it mean any more to him? He cant value you more than you value yourself. - Song of Solomon In this here place, we flesh; flesh that weeps, laughs; flesh that dances on bare feet in grass. Love it. Love it hard. Yonder they do not love your flesh. They despise it. They dont love your eyes; theyd just as soon pick em out. No more do they love the skin on your back. Yonder they flay it. And O my people they do not love your hands. Those they only use, tie, bind, chop off and leave empty. Love your hands! Love them. Raise them up and kiss them. Touch others with them, pat them together, stroke them on your face cause they dont love that either. You got to love it, you! And no, they aint in love with your mouth. Yonder, out there, they will see it broken and break it again. What you say out of it they will not heed. What you scream from it they do not hear. What you put into it to nourish your body they will snatch away and give you leavins instead. No, they dont love your mouth. You got to love it. This is flesh Im talking about here. Flesh that needs to be loved. Feet that ne ed to rest and to dance; backs that need support; shoulders that need arms, strong arms Im telling you. And O my people, out yonder, hear me, they do not love your neck unnoosed and straight. So love your neck; put a hand on it, grace it, stroke it and hold it up. And all your inside parts that theyd just as soon slop for hogs, you got to love them. The dark, dark liver- love it, love it and the beat and beating heart, love that too. More than eyes or feet. More than lungs that have yet to draw free air. More than your life-holding womb and your life-giving private parts, hear me now, love your heart. For this is the prize.† - Beloved

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Flat Tax Rate essays

Flat Tax Rate essays Implementing a flat rate tax would greatly improve the economy in the United States. A flat tax rate would increase savings, discretionary spending, and prosperous investments largely by reducing marginal tax rates and simplifying compliance costs. In addition, any negative impact on lower income Americans would be balanced by the increased gains in efficiency from the flat tax rate. Taken together, these arguments suggest that a flat tax rate would be hugely beneficial to the American economy. Perhaps one of the most important steps in understanding the economic benefits of a flat rate tax is in creating a solid working definition of such a tax. Intuitively, a flat rate tax can be defined simply as a tax that is proportionally applied on total income. For example, a 10 percent flat rate tax would be $5,000 for a person who earns $50,000. Similarly the flat tax rate of 10 percent would be $2,000 for an individual who earns a mere $20,000 per year. Browning rate income tax has two important and defining characteristics. They note, " first, the tax base is a comprehensive measure of income with no preferential treatment given to specific sources or uses of in come, and second, a single tax rate is applied to that base" (629). While the definition of a flat rate tax seems simple, the actual flat taxes that have been proposed in the United States are usually modified forms, and as such are not "true" flat taxes. They use a more restrictive definition of taxable income than the true definition of a flat tax, and they also often apply some small graduated tax rates to the income base. Browning complex, more inefficient, and more horizontally inequitable than a true Historically, federal income tax in the United States has been a graduated system of taxat...

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Professions in French

Professions in French If youre going to live and work in France, get to know the terms for the  professions in Fench. Its impossible to list all possible professions, but there are some common ones you should know. Note that many French professions have only a masculine form. Even if you are a female professor, for example, you would have to say that you are un  professeur, which takes the masculine form, including the masculine article,  un.   The terms below are listed in alphabetical order according to the English word for the profession for easy reference. The first column contains the word for the profession in English, while the second contains the correct French article- ​un  for masculine terms and  une  for feminine words- followed by the word in Fench. Click on each French term to hear the proper way to pronounce it. Note that while in English, it is to simply say the word for the profession, such as actor, in French the word is almost always preceded by the article. Study the table, and listen to the pronunciations in French, and youll soon be saying  un  boucher,  un  boulanger, un  fabricant de bougeoirs- the butcher, the baker, the candlestick maker- like a French-speaking native. French Professions Profession in English French Translation actor un acteur actress une actrice artist un(e) artiste baker un boulanger, une boulangre butcher un boucher carpenter un charpentier cashier un caissier, une caissire civil servant un(e) fonctionnaire cook un chef dentist un(e) dentiste doctor un mdecin electrician un lectricien employee un(e) employ(e) engineer un ingnieur fireman un pompier lawyer (barrister) un avocat, une avocate maid une femme de chambre manager un grant mechanic un mcanicien nurse un infirmier, une infirmire painter un peintre pharmacist un pharmacien, une pharmacienne plumber un plombier police office un policier receptionist un(e) rceptionniste secretary un(e) secrtaire student un tudiant, une tudiante teacher un professeur* waiter un serveur waitress une serveuse writer un crivain Notes About Un, Une, and Etre In Canada and parts of Switzerland, the feminine form une professeure exists. In France, however, this is usually considered incorrect. On the other hand, you can say une prof., a slang way of saying a professor or a teacher. Note that the feminine article,  une, is fine in this case if you are referring to a female educator. Do not use an article between the verb  Ãƒ ªtre  and someones profession, as in these examples:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je suis peintre. - Im a painter.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Il va à ªtre mà ©decin. - Hes going to be a doctor. Social Norms In France, asking about what someone does for a living is considered a personal question. If you have to ask, be sure to preface your question with Si ce nest pas indiscret  ... ,   which translates as, If you dont mind my asking ... After you learn the terms for professions in French, take a little extra time to learn what a  typical French conversation  between two people would look like. This will give you a chance to see how French articles, as well as  noms  (nouns),  conjonctions  (conjunctions),  adjectifs  (adjectives), and  adverbes  (adverbs) fit into a dialogue in French.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Assessment of stroke. annotated bibliography Essay

Assessment of stroke. annotated bibliography - Essay Example There are grammatical and referencing errors through out and the structure is not clear at all times. 3/10 Description & analysis of each individual annotation Explanation, analysis and understanding of the main points of each selected article, e.g. purpose or hypothesis for study, the point of view/perspective from which the work was written, type and appropriateness of study methodology, comments on usefulness of the work & consideration of authority of authors. Relevant links to related sources are briefly identified (this may appear in more detail in the next two sections). Comments: You have selected a number of papers to discuss you the purpose of your study. Some of the papers linked better and some others not as well. For example, the FAST tool could be a topic on its own. The final paper could be used to support some of the arguments made in the earlier papers. You have given a description and the purpose of the studies in some papers and some others this was not as clear (i .e. first two ones). You have used a great deal of evidence in some of the papers although at times not in a coherent manner. You have also made some good comments and pointed to a number of issues that are important and you could discuss/explore further). 13/30 Analysis (from your chosen literature as a whole) Key issues/important factors appropriate to the topic are critically analysed. Connections between the selected articles, coherence (or lack of) between studies, referenced linkage to other related sources. Analysis & comparison of argument/s & opposing views appropriate to the topic area. Comments: This section follows on some of my comments above about the coherence of the papers and topics that each of them negotiate. It was a challenging topic and a very interesting one. Your comments here are clearer and you also bring most of the papers together. I would also expect here to bring some of the ideas explored in the papers. Critical analysis and evaluation was also carried out in the previous section. 12/35 Overall conclusions and recommendations Your main conclusions. Make focused recommendations for practice which demonstrate an integration of previous and new learning (synthesis). Propose recommendations for further research that can address the gaps identified through this annotated bibliography. Comments: You have made some good suggestions although some of them are not as well related to the annotated bibliography. These suggestions are the reflection of your overall clinical role with some relevant aspects to this essay. It should be more focused and tailored to the topic of this essay. You tend to discuss a number of ideas and that does not allow to explore a specific topic in depth. You have not made any recommendations for further research. 8/25 Diagnosis and Assessment Annotated Bibliography C7059609 The role of the Stroke Nurse in Assessment of Stroke Survivor Stroke is used to refer to a clinical syndrome of presumed vascular origin, typ ified by rapidly developing signs of focal or global

How can globalisation processes help alleviate poverty Essay

How can globalisation processes help alleviate poverty - Essay Example It was noted that prior to the two agreements most country’s trade has been stifled by unfair tariff and trade restriction imposed by countries due to their adherence to their contractual obligation to the first countries they have been trading with at the onset. WTO and GATT mandate that all signatory countries adhere to the Most Favoured Nation principle, wherein what is conferred to one country as a trade incentive should similarly be given to another country (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2004). This in itself levelled the playing field for all nations big or small in terms of international trade. Globalisation processes not only includes tangible items for trade it can also be in the form of service. Outsourcing of processes is normally conducted by companies in order for them to save on operation cost. To illustrate: It does not make sense for an organization to maintain its own telephone based customer care department manned twenty four seven since the demand or volume is unpredictable over the course of a twenty four hour day. The same is true for organization that requires the services of telephone based campaigners. I. Historical Background Global trade is not a new concept as chronicles of early trade relations between nations occurred in the first century when the Romans bartered riches for spices with the Indians. Similar exchange transpired in West Asia trading silk for spices. Barter was the medium of transaction between nations until the middle ages when the first paper money was developed by the Sung Dynasty as the legal tender to gain access to market rights and trading privileges. Accordingly, the first recorded trading company, The Dutch East India Trading Company, was then established in 1602 until its demise in 1799 due to bankruptcy (Maps of World , 1999). The importance of trade between nations was well received even by Napoleon III where an initiative known as the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) was executed betw een France and Britain which ended in 1860. On the other side of the globe in1868, Japanese Meiji Restoration introduced industrial development through free trade. As trade expanded between industrial nations, its leaders in 1946 institutionalized standards to govern commercial and financial relations known as the Bretton Woods System which was peddled to promote lasting peace between independent states as well as to avert financial crisis from happening (Maps of World, 1999). Global trading strengthened further in 1949 when a multilateral agreement between nations known as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was founded by twenty three countries. This has set forth trade regulations and standards such as reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers was concurred in by more than one hundred (100) countries. The role of the GATT as an international organization was bolstered when negotiations for the creation of an International Trade Organization (ITO) failed to mater ialize (Bossche, 2005). Thus, GATT continued to discharge its functions by conducting rounds of discussion which included, among others, reduction of tariff and trade barriers; and liberalization of trade affecting wider range of fields such as services, capital, intellectual property, textiles and agriculture. The

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN Assignment

ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN - Assignment Example The symptoms of acute abdominal pain are nausea and vomiting. Other indications include guarding which is the contraction of abdominal muscles and when pressure is applied to the abdomen. There would be rigidity of the abdominal muscles or rebound tenderness, an increase in severe pain and discomfort when pressure is being applied to the localized area of the abdomen. The patient also has increased white blood cell count. In older patients, presentation delays, coexistent of disease and social and physical barriers complicate acute abdominal pain presentation (Nabi, 2011). There are several diagnostic methods in evaluation of acute abdominal pain. Laboratory tests are done on the blood and urine specimen. The ultrasound is used in the evaluation of abdominal spaces with sound waves while the Computer Tomography (CT) scan is an x-ray technique using a computer program to develop detailed images. The ultrasound and CT are reliable in detecting common diagnoses causing acute abdominal pain. However, the ultrasound misses more cases than CT scan that is more sensitive (van Randen, Lameris, van Es, van Heessewijk, van Ramshorst, Ten, Bouma, van Leeuwen, Bossuyt, Stoker, Boermeester, & OPTIMA Study Group, 2011). Multi-detector CT can be used in evaluating patients with acute abdominal pain. It is an extremely CT noninvasive method for acute abdominal pain diagnosis and management. In the plan of care for patients with acute abdominal pain, the nurse has a key role in the assessment, history taking and management. Assessment is done through physical examination and acquiring diagnostic data. A comprehensive assessment of pain including onset, location, characterization, duration, onset, frequency, quality, and intensity should be performed. Factors such as fear, fatigue and lack of information should be reduced to eliminate factors that may increase the

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Theres a Gender Pay Gap in Kids Allowances and Parents Are To Blame Essay

Theres a Gender Pay Gap in Kids Allowances and Parents Are To Blame - Essay Example The way parents bring up their children has a direct effect on the future choices being made by children pertaining to their choices of work and work-related activities. Parents are responsible for directing children mindset to value professions like law, Medicine among others and devalue others such as house chores and teaching. The majority of the gap seen in the pay between men and women in the society comes from the occupational differences and not the gender role differences (Eliana). The pay gap clearly demonstrates to the girls that the kind of household work that they do does not qualify in the level of works that need to be rewarded. This is why when girls grow up into womanhood, they tend to spend most of their times on the work that is unpaid such as household chores. In contrast to women, men only try to find more time to relax themselves out . Normally, girls do two more hours of daily chores when compared to boys. On the other hand, boys do spend much of their time, twice as much as the girls, in playing. Despite this hard work shown by the girls, boys are likely to be paid for the chores that they do. A similar research done by the junior achievement USA indicates that seventy percent of all boys are more likely to get allowance as compared to a small figure of sixty percent of girls, who are likely to receive allowances. According to Sandberg and Neil â€Å"Lean in: women, work and the will to lead â€Å"; gender pay difference is also a result of the gap in leadership ambition. In many working environmental, men are observed to be more ambitious to achieving senior jobs compared to their female counterparts. A 2012 Mc Kinsey survey found out only eighteen percent of women in a working environment aspire for the senior jobs that are high paying compared to thirty-six percent of the men population in the same environment (Sandberg and Nell, 13). It is no doubt that women do possess equal skills to

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Economy in Russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economy in Russia - Essay Example Russia has to deal with persistent economic problems, which include: The consensus and eventual policy position taken in Russia was that in order for the Russian economy to develop and benefit from the increasing integration of the global market and trade, policy reforms must be instituted. These reforms should directly address the challenges cited above. The past few years saw policy pronouncements that include price reform, the privatization of enterprise, macroeconomic stabilisation and fiscal decentralisation. Beginning in 1992, the government began instituting economic reform in these areas and based on the trajectory of growth of the Russian economy up to the present, it is clear that some of the governmental policies have worked. Terterov (2004), for example, cited how investments to the country has overtaken capital flight, which has been the pattern in the past. As a result the economy has received a substantial boost, particularly in manufacturing and industrial sector, helping to create jobs and revenue for the state (Terterov 2004). Empirical research has also shown the positive link between governmental reform and wage increase and unemployment (Gerber 2006). Wolf and Lang (2006) in a study for the RAND Corporation reported that the recent impressive economic performance can be attributed to decentralized decision-making and the change in resource allocation from the previous state and bureaucratic allocation to the resource allocation through the market. During Vladimir Putin’s administration, Russia was finally recognized as a market economy. The United States and the European Union declared this in June 2012. This is important for Russia because being classified as one means better opportunities for trade with other countries. For example, as a result of the recognition, the United States has removed several restrictions and guidelines that govern the US trading relationships with nonmarket economies

To find out from a range Essay Example for Free

To find out from a range Essay To find out from a range of tablets which tablet is the best one to neutralise hydrochloric acid. Aim My aim is to determine which tablet is the best for stomach acid (neutralises the most hydrochloric acid). Scientific Background Acids and Alkalis Many of the substances that we use today are made up of either acids or alkalis. These are two chemical opposites. Most acids are liquids. They are very corrosive and can kill or burn skin cells, bacteria etc. Acids taste sharp and sour. Strong acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid etc release hydrogen quickly whilst weaker acids such as citric acid and carbonic acid release hydrogen slowly. Strong acids measure at 1 or 2 on the pH scale and weak acids measure at 5 or 6 (The pH is a number on a scale which shows how acidic or alkaline a substance is). Most pure alkalis are solid. Like acids they are also very corrosive. Most feel soapy but some can burn flesh. Strong acids measure 13 or 14 on the pH scale and weak acids measure 8 or 9. Alkalis neutralise acids. At this point their pH level becomes 7 and they are known as neutral.(acid + alkali ? neutral solution) (pH Scale) Hydrochloric acid/stomach acid When your stomach wall makes too much hydrochloric acid you end up with a stomach-ache. Normally you are given an alkaline tablet to neutralise the acid. Universal Indicator Universal indicator can be in the form of paper or liquid. It is used to show whether something is neutralised or whether it is an acid or alkali. E. g. if the indicator goes red it is acidic. Variables Independent variables are the ones that I cannot keep at a certain amount e. g. Hydrochloric acid. Dependent variables are the ones which I have to keep at a certain amount e. g. water. Prediction My prediction is that whichever tablet neutralises the most hydrochloric acid is the best. Method Firstly I will measure 30 ml of water in a measuring cylinder. Secondly I will put this water into a plastic beaker and dissolve a tablet into it. I will stir it with a stirring rod. After this I will add 7 drops of Universal indicator to the solution and stir it. I will put some Hydrochloric acid into a pipette and add it to the solution until it is neutral counting how many drops I add. Finally I will do this experiment twice for each tablet. Fair Test To make this test fair firstly I will make sure that I use the same amount of water and universal indicator. I will also dissolve the same amount of tablet each time. I will make sure that all the water used is all at the same temperature. Finally I shall do each experiment twice to ensure that I obtain accurate results. Equipment Measuring Cylinder, Water, Thermometer, Plastic Beaker, Stirring Rod, Pipette, Hydrochloric acid, Universal Indicator-Phenophatlein, Tablets Gaviscon, Settlers, Tums, Calcium Carbonate Apparatus Safety To make this experiment safe we should make sure we hold all chemicals and equipment with care as acids and alkalis, which are going to be used in this experiment, are corrosive. We should make sure all hair and scarves are tied properly so they do not get in the way. We should also wear goggles to protect our eyes. Preliminary Work First I measured and poured 25ml of sodium oxide into a plastic beaker. Then I added 7 drops of indicator until the solution turned pink. Then I measured 25ml of Hydrochloric acid and started adding this to the solution until it turned clear. This showed that the solution is neutral. Obtaining Results. Table of Results   Coloured / Flavoured Tablet C. O. S. = Colour of Solution Analysis Graph of Results The above graph shows the average amount of drops of Hydrochloric acid added to neutralise a tablet. Conclusions After having analysed my results I have come to realise that Gaviscon is the best tablet to neutralise Hydrochloric acid. (? Gaviscon + acid ? neutral) I had predicted that whichever tablet neutralises the most hydrochloric acid is the best. I did not specify a certain tablet. This ties in with my prediction as it does neutralise the most. Tums was the next best then Settlers and finally Calcium Carbonate. There are no anomalies in my work. Evaluation Accuracy and Reliability I feel that I could have made my results more accurate by doing the experiment another time as I could have miscounted the drops. I think the reliability of my results is fair but improvements could have been made to make it a 100 per cent accurate. Improvements Paying more attention to the different colours on the pH scale so that the overall pH number written could have been more accurate would have made improvements to the investigation. Extending the Investigation I could extend the investigation by using different types of water e. g. hot and cold. I could also hav.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Behaviourist Method Of Teaching English Language Essay

Behaviourist Method Of Teaching English Language Essay Lesson Plan Outline order of events as they are planned to occur during your lesson. Present these in the order of progression in your lesson; that is, as each occurs.  ½ marks given if not done. [you may incorporate either the Madeline Hunter Behaviorist lesson plan format here or the Constructivist lesson plan format here. See the applicable format documents in the Final Project area of BlackBoard.] The teacher will lecture using PowerPoint and a short video from YouTube about Hess law. Also once students have grasped concepts teacher will move on to explain formulas and molar enthalpy. Homework includes: Exercise handouts about Hess law and molar enthalpy. (Note: This is located in the bottom right drawer in the file labeled Hess law). The students will be responsible for knowing and being able to apply Hess law in a variety of ways and calculating the change in molar enthalpy. There are a bunch of assignments I wish the students to complete for the following class. This is including reading the disclaimer sheet about lab safety as we will be in the lab the following class period. (Note: The sheets are due at the end of the week ­). The students will eventually be doing a presentation using some form of technology to eventually describe alternative fuels that can be used and how it applies to Molar Enthalpy. This will be introduced in the next class period. THEORY INTO PRACTICE: Which Learning Theory predominates your Lesson: The behaviorist Method. Behaviorist teaching methods tend to rely on so-called skill and drill exercises to provide the consistent repetition necessary for effective reinforcement of response patterns. Other methods include question (stimulus) and answer (response) frameworks in which questions are of gradually increasing difficulty, guided practice, and regular reviews of material. Behaviorist methods also typically rely heavily on the use of positive reinforcements such as verbal praise, good grades, and prizes. Behaviorists test the degree of learning using methods that measure observable behavior such as exams. Behaviorist teaching methods have proved most successful in areas where there is a correct response or easily memorized material. Identify the key factors influencing learning in your lesson. Where are these used in your lesson? From a behaviorist perspective, the transmission of information from teacher to learner is essentially the transmission of the response appropriate to a certain stimulus. Thus, the point of education is to present the student with the appropriate repertoire of behavioral responses to specific stimuli and to reinforce those responses through an effective reinforcement schedule. An effective reinforcement schedule requires consistent repetition of the material; small, progressive sequences of tasks; and continuous positive reinforcement. Without positive reinforcement, learned responses will quickly become extinct. This is because learners will continue to modify their behavior until they receive some positive reinforcement. What is/are the teacher role[s] in your lesson. The teacher will be instructing as it is an important point as they build a foundation for the understanding of thermodynamics and the application of this in the laboratory. Through drill and practice and following the specificities of the lesson will be successful in completing this task. How is/are this/these role[s] accomplished. [in other words Where is this demonstrated in your lesson? Be specific.] This is demonstrated throughout the lesson as it is a scientific law and cannot be interpreted any other way. There are specific rules to follow that cannot be interpreted or changed. They are using formulas and plugging in their respective numbers to find the change in heat. What type[s] of learning is/are best explained in your lesson: The behaviorist Method! This is teacher/visual based learning as the students will be introduced to this topic by teacher based instruction. State the teaching method[s] used in your lesson, and, for each, briefly explain how this/these method[s] relate to your lesson plan. [in other words, how is that method demonstrated in your lesson]: While there are internet resources that follow a loose guide I believe that it is in the best interests of the students if the teacher were to explain in detail thermodynamics and Hess law and apply these principals to the molar enthalpy of reactions, combustion etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ State all the teaching strategies used in your lesson, and, for each strategy, explain how these strategies relate to your lesson plan. [in other words, how are the strategies demonstrated in your lesson]: When designing my lesson when introducing the various points, it is important for me as the teacher to emphasize these points that will be required for students to grasp before moving onto more challenging concepts. For example the power point slide enclosed will highlight the formulas and other important concepts. For this lesson only I wish that you speak about Hess law. I also like to do some fun examples on the board because many of the students in my class are passionate about chemistry. LEARNING STYLES: This lecture appeals to the following: Logical-Mathematical learner: The lecture appeals to this type of learner because of the materials covered. Also the introduction and application of new formulas. Interpersonal learner: With multimedia and interaction between peers and those who are interpersonal learners will benefit. Verbal-Linguistic learner: This is mainly for those who are good listeners as the instructor explains and the students will listen and hopefully retain the information. Visual-Spatial learner: This type of learner will benefit from the various technologies and multimedia presentations that will capture their attention. Also seeing the formulas and the rules of Hess law will allow them to understand the material. - RESOURCES/MATERIALS: Identify all resources and materials used to create your lesson PLUS those resources and materials used by the teacher and students during your lesson Content resources (books, handouts, materials, etc.) There are a lot of handouts with the most basic of examples. Their textbook also gives a good explanation of what they need to know. Hardware (computers, TV, VHS, etc) Computers Software/Web Resources (CD- ROMs, URLs, graphics, pictures, etc.) You tube, Pictures, Websites, Powerpoint. Other media, video, satellite, etc. None - STUDENT EVALUATION: There are worksheets enclosed that will be graded for marks and will count towards their homework grade. However, I would stress that this information will only get harder as we move into chapter exams and for their presentations as well. The evaluation for this class is very minimal but essential as if the students do not understand this concept I will revisit this upon my return. STUDENT DETERMINED CONTENT: The Mind map is a very useful tool that the students can do as a teacher guided activity. I have enclosed a sample mind map and would like under your guidance to create a new one. The program that I use is called Inspiration. This will allow the students to think about their lesson and reflect. The goal is that the students think about molar enthalpy and its varying functions. For evaluating the class as a whole there are Hot potato multiple choice questions, fill in the blanks and a crossword. This would be useful to do at the end of the lesson to reiterate the points stated by the power point. The goal is to reinforce the points for the students. Also within the power point lesson there is a video about Hess law calculations courtesy of You tube. These will give the students another viewpoint and hopefully expand their mind and allow them to take in the information. The grades on the worksheet will go under the homework section of their assignment. However you need not worry about that as I will return.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

The Trebuchet :: Physics Trebuchet History Papers

The Trebuchet The roots of the machine go back to at least the fifth century B.C. in China. In its most primitive form, it consisted of a pivoted beam with a sling at one end and ropes at the other. A stone would be placed in the sling and a team of men would haul the ropes, swinging the beam up into the air†1. â€Å"The trebuchet reached the Mediterranean by the sixth century C.E. It displaced other forms of artillery and held its own until well after the coming of gunpowder. The trebuchet was instrumental in the rapid expansion of both the Islamic and the Mongol empires. It also played a part in the transmission of the Black Death, the epidemic of plague that swept Eurasia and the North Africa during the 14th century. Along the way it seems to have influenced both the development of clockwork and the theoretical analyzes of motion†2. We will now look at the physics of a trebuchet. â€Å"The trebuchet uses many different physics applications, we will look at a few of them. Basically a trebuchet is a fulcrum. First the energy of conservation. The setting of the trebuchet before firing is shown in Fig 1. A heavy counterweight of mass (M) (contained in a large bucket) on the end of the short arm of a sturdy beam was raised to some height while a smaller mass (m) (the projectile), was positioned on the end of the longer arm near or on the ground. In practice the projectile was usually placed in a leather sling attached to the end of the longer arm. However for simplicity, we shall ignore the sling and compensate for this omission by increasing the assumed length of the beam on the projectile’s side. The counterweight was then allowed to fall so that the longer arm swung upward, the sling following, and the projectile was ultimately thrown from its container at some point near the top of the arc. The far end of the sling was attached to the arm by a rope in such a way that the release occurred at a launching angle near the optimum value ( most likely by repeated trials) for the launch height. The launching position is shown in fig.2 where we have assumed that the projectile is released at the moment the entire beam is vertical. In the figures: (a)=height of the pivot, (b)= length of the short arm, (c)= length of the long arm, while (v) and (V) are the velocities of (m) and (M), respectively, at the moment of launching.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Female Power, Maternity and Genderbending in Shakespeares Antony and C

Female Power, Maternity and Genderbending in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra The 19th century essayist and literary critic William Hazlitt wrote of Cleopatra, "She is voluptuous, ostentatious, conscious, boastful of her charms, haughty, tyrannical, [and] fickle," which are "great and unpardonable faults" (Hazlitt 2-3). Much of the criticism of Antony and Cleopatra has recycled this judgement, depicting Cleopatra as a villainess uses her eroticism and sexuality to motivate Antony to seek power. Cleopatra is memorable for her propensity for violence as well. While Antony and Cleopatra was written after the death of a violent English queen, Elizabeth I, Shakespeare may have been faced with a dramatic dilemma: how to make a woman seem believably violent and intimidating on the stage. Coppà ©lia Kahn notes that Cleopatra was "Rome's most dangerous enemy" (111),i but how does one make the Queen of the Nile seem like such a threat during a time when women had little social and political power. Shakespeare does several things to accomplish this task: 1) he loca tes Cleopatra's power in a foreign or supernatural realm; 2) he inverts her gender role with that of Antony; 3) he suppresses her maternal qualities; and 4) he allows her to be redeemed only in death. Indeed, it is the only way to handle a difficult woman on the Jacobean stage. Locating Codes of Female Power In Antony and Cleopatra, the Roman values of honor and bravery embody masculinity, while Egypt and the Orient symbolize feminine weakness and fragility. Caesar and Agrippa are depicted as reasonable, logical, and practical, especially in matters of strategy and war. Cleopatra and her servants and eunuchs are consistently referred to in terms of laziness, let... ...ication of her superior intelligence. She understands that, should she live, she will be taken to Rome and will suffer the humiliation of seeing "some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness / I' th' posture of a whore" (V, ii, 216-217). iv In addition, Cleopatra has demonstrated her readiness in the past to ruin Egypt for Antony's sake. Without blinking, she considers "unpeopling" her country in order to send a new messenger to Antony in Rome every day. To mirror Antony's "Let Rome in Tiber sink," Cleopatra says, "Let Egypt in Nile melt." v Of course, her actions indicate that, as a Roman wife, her entire existence must center on Antony only, which means a rejection of anything else, including her earthly children ("What should I stay--"). The point is to emphasize her selfishness and her absolute focus on Antony, a constant of the queen's personality.

Women and Enlightenment within the Jain Religion

Jain religion is of Indian orientation and involves rediscovering the Dharma, which is a person's virtuous path or righteous duty. Dharma is a concept used when explaining ultimate reality or higher truth in the universe. Jains are people who follow Tirthankaras' teachings, and there are twenty four special Jinas. The Jain religion inspires people to be spiritually developed through enhancing their self control and personal wisdom. The main goal of this religion is to realize the true nature of the soul. There are three gems to Jainism, and they are the conduct, knowledge as well as the right and true perception. Jainism aims at liberating the followers from universal cycles of birth and death. The liberated followers are called siddha, and the ones struggling to be liberated are called samsarin. The samsarins have to follow teachings of Jinas in order to become siddha, through attaining Moksha, which is the liberation from karma. Jainism teaches that Dharma and the Universe have no ending and beginning but encounters cyclical changes. The worldly soul (samsarin) is seen to take various forms that include plant and animal form, human being, hell being and deity. It is different from most religions due to the fact that it does not believe in God or a divine creator, destroyer or preserver. It believes that every soul has potential to be divine and that Siddhas who eliminate karmic bonding completely, are seen to either be close to or have achieved consciousness of God . History. The earliest documented leader of Jainism is Parshvanatha, who is said by scholars to have lived during the 9th Century. During the 6th Century, Vardhamana was regarded as a very influential Jainism teacher . He had followers who followed his teachings and doctrines. They also interacted with him so that they could achieve enlightenment. His followers called him Jina, which refers to conqueror. Kalinga, which in the modern day is Osiaji and Orissa, had many Jains who lived there. This faith was briefly disrupted by Mahapadma, who conquered the place and took Rishabhanatha's statue. However, Kharvela who was an emperor, conquered Magatha, taking the statue of Rishabhanatha. Udaygiri and Khandagiri caves are the only remnants of Jain monuments since the wood buildings were destroyed. Jainism is a dominant philosophical, cultural, political and social force in Asia since civilization. It has influence in Hinduism and Buddhism since the ancient history. There is a close association between Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. The connection between Buddhism and Jainism traces its roots to the origins of Buddhism, since Jainism was prevailing at the time . Hinduism on the other hand shares certain common philosophies with some Jain sects. Laity in Jainism performed roles that were very similar to those performed by monks including religious privileges and duties, which served to unite the two religions. This ensured that they did not change for many centuries, though the fact that Buddhism had lesser demands for laymen, made it change several times. Jainism is one of smallest religions in the world since it has slightly over 10 million followers. However, the fact that these followers are distributed all over India, makes the religion significant. Other Jain communities are concentrated in United kingdom, the United States, East Africa and Canada. Digambara and Svetambara traditions. The Jain sangha, which encompasses monks, laymen and women, and nuns, is split between two major sects called the Digambara and the Svetambara sects. It is believed by historians that the split occurred in 5th Century after the chief monk Bhadrabahu led over 10,000 Digambara followers into South India after foreseeing famine. After a decade of being away, they returned and broke away from the Svetambara sect . However, there are minimal differences between the sects. Digambara monks believe that clothing leads to dependence on material possessions and therefore they do not wear them. On the other hand, Svetambara monks wear seamless white clothes, since Jain scripture does not forbid the use of clothing . Jain organization. One of the factors that led to the existence of this community from the ancient to the modern times is its organization. Initially, there were four classes in society which were said to have originated from the arms, feet, thighs and mouth of Brahman, their creator. They were the Rajanya, Sudra, Vaisya and Brahman. The Brahman was the superior class of all the classes. These classes had different rules that governed each of them. The Brahmin class was given unusual importance and other classes were neglected, which made the classes develop rivalry. There was also prevalent social discrimination and inequality due to the presence of these classes. This made Mahavira oppose the groupings and later Jaina Archaryas also joined in the opposition. Soon the society was divided into four groups, but based on activities that the people carried out. The four groups were; the male ascetics or Sadhus, the female ascetics or Sadhvis, the male laity or Shravakas and the female laity or Shravikas. These groups have close relations and have similar religious vows that are applicable to them. They made everyone have equal opportunities regardless of their birth or class and they were free to change classes with choice, unlike before. The people who wished to follow the religion while still living in households were referred to as sravikas and sravakas, if they were females and males respectively. Those who chose to leave the households and become ascetics were referred to as sadhvis and sadhus if they were females and males respectively. The classes emphasized on behavior modes and individual character and no one was degraded or neglected as they could do professions of their choice. Women's religious emancipation. Before the introduction of Jainism, women were regarded as Sudras, the lowest social class. Women were barred from undertaking investment and initiation in religious passages. They were also seen to be irrelevant to religious threads which were sacred. According to passages of the past, people were discouraged from seeing women, dead bodies and Sudras among other things. This shows that they were taken to be a curse, which could be equated to a dead body. They were degraded and neglected by the society and they had no religious role to play in society. Tirthankra Mahavira changed all this by treating females and males equally. Regarding religion, he made sure that the rules that regulated the conduct of both sexes were the same, and both had equal opportunities to practise religious duties, read sacred texts, practice penance, vratas among other practices. Women were also given equal chances with men regarding the entrance to the ascetic order. He ensured that females were free to join the ascetic order regardless of whether candidates who were being admitted were aristocracy members, societal common run or royal consorts. This led to many women joining the ascetic order. For instance, in Tirthankara the figures for sadhus and sadhvis were 14,000 and 36,000 respectively and those for Sravaks and Sravikas were 100,000 and 300,000 respectively. This shows that the number of women was more than that of men in cases of both ascetics and householders. This reflects the eagerness that women had in using the opportunity to learn about religion. In fact, Jydesta and Chandana both of who were queen Trisaladevi's younger sisters, Mahavira's mother and their uncle's wife, Yasasvati entered the Mahavira's ascetic order. In the long run, Chandana became the female ascetic leader, which showed that women had an equal opportunity to make high achievements. Most of them became preachers and teachers due to these opportunities. Jain ascetism. Ascetism in Jainism involves renouncing possessions and materials. Jain ascetics do not also participate in any violence whatsoever. They do not hurt any insect or human and carry special brooms that brush off any insects that they encounter. Some even wear protection over their mouths so that they can avoid hurting insects or germs accidentally. They do not also use devices, machines or electricity since they perceive it to be violence. Jain ascetics always travel barefoot, sleep on floors without coverings, and use certain platforms for sitting. These ascetics only eat vegetarian diet that does not include roots. Some ascetics meditate on hill tops or around rivers according to the mental and physical limits of the ascetics. Jain ascetics are celibate and they do not share platforms or touch. They also move from place to place to prevent becoming attached to a particular place. When ascetics feel that death is imminent, such as when having terminal illness or advanced ages, most of them prefer a detached and peaceful death where water, food and medicine are abandoned. Shvetambara and Digambara ascetics. The monks in Schetambara sect solicit for alms from people in households and do not cook food. It is however important to note that they do not beg for it; they accept food only from people whose mind is pure and when such food is offered willingly and in the right manner. In such circumstances, the monks eats a measly amount while standing. Monks and nuns in this cult only own a bowl used for collecting alms and eating, and white robes. Meanwhile, those in the Digambara sect eat one meal each day. The male monks in this sect walk nude and only carry soft brooms (pinchi), which are made from feathers of peacocks and a water jug. Nuns however dress in white robes. They also do not use utensils when eating, and they use their hands. Their belief teaches them that Mahavir was unmarried, unlike the Shvetambars. Women enlightenment. Jainism to a large extent treated women using similar ethical codes as men. The ethical codes used involve five virtues that speak against various vices. These codes are SATYA, which advocates for truth, AHIMSA which advocates for non-violence, ACHAURYA which advocates for non-stealing, APARIGRAH which advocates for non-possessiveness and BRAHMACHARYA which advocates for the purity of the mind and body. These ethical codes are equally applicable for both men and women. Jainism taught both women and men to help each other and perform common roles. These roles were geared towards preserving the environment and improving welfare of mankind. Both women and men were also responsible for their moral conduct. Due to the biological differences between women and men, together with society's gender stereotyping, roles for women and men differed in the cultural and social setup. This was not meant to be discriminatory, since Jainism viewed women and men equally in terms of concern for welfare of their families and children, and also in terms of playing of their roles. The inherent change in the patriarchal society does not undermine Jainism's view of equality between the sexes. Jainism even had some nuns who were included in the religious practice, since the inception of this religion. However, some questions have been raised about equality between women and men regarding the issue of spirituality in Jainism. Some people of the view that there is inequality when it comes to spirituality, since women are hindered from growing spiritually and religiously due to the fact that they are female. Some people even went to the extent of perceiving women to be impure due to their femininity. Further evidence of this perception is given by the culture of the Digambara sect. This sect does not believe that a woman can achieve Moksha, or liberation from Karma, during the same birth. This is explained by the fact that in the Digambara sect, asceticism requires one to be nude, which is impractical in the real world as it would expose them to rape and attacks by men. This is also due to the fact that Jainism does not allow women to appear naked. There is also the belief that a woman cannot attain the level of siddha. This is because they are perceived to be unable to lead a true ascetic lifestyle since they are prohibited from being nude, yet Digambaras perceive clothing as worldly possessions. The fact that women could not free themselves from the ‘bondage' of clothing was perceived to mean that they could not be free of fear and shame that arose from their nakedness. Some women, in their quest to achieve enlightenment, are of the view that they should first move out of the female form. Thereafter, they should move towards the form of God after which they can take the male form. After attaining the male form, they can now be able to attain kaivalya. Inequality between male and female enlightenment. Some scholars, are of the view that the real reason why women cannot achieve the highest level of enlightenment is not limited to their clothing. He says that in most religions, including the Digambaras sect, women are perceived to represent the transient and illusory material world (maya), that the religion seeks to renounce. This perception can be attributed to the fact that society has a form of gynophobia. The perception is also rooted to bodily processes and sexuality that that women experience, such as reproduction and menstruation. In fact, Yuktiprabodha summarized the Digambar sect's view on the issue by saying that the female species have impure bodies, which is shown by menstruation, each month. They view menstruation as a form of destroying organisms which goes against their belief . The union of males and females is seen to also destroy organisms in female reproductive parts. Sexual intercourse is compared with insertion of a hot iron rod to a hollow tube which has sesame seeds, thereby destroying them. Another Jain ascetic, Rajcandra also said that everything that resides in the body of a woman is contemptuous. He continued to say that pleasure derived from them is momentary and causes repeated excitement and exhaustion. Women are also viewed as temptations and snares for men who are in pursuit of spirituality. Another reason that women were not given the opportunity in the Digambarans sect lies with the fact that they viewed the role of women as restricted to household duties. This was viewed as the religious and moral duty of women. Actions of women are viewed as primarily to take care of the welfare of the household, husband, kin and assist him in performing duties to deities and ancestors. For instance, the smtiris and Dharmashastras believe that women attain salvation through performance of motherly and wifely duties. There is a further view that renunciation of these roles by women seeking to achieve Moksha would mean that the capacity of women to reproduce would be altered. This would disrupt sansara's normative order. These are reasons that made women nuns be given subordinate roles when compared with the monks. These practices are shared not only in Jainism but also in other religions like Buddhism. Buddha was also reluctant to allow women to enter the samgha, and Buddhist literature portrayed nuns in negative light, in comparison to lay women. Generally, it is difficult for women to become enlightened since their bodies are perceived to be a focus of sexual desire and violence. Asceticism is thus taken to be masculine and defines retention of semen as one of its components. This is achieved through rigorous training and self control. In women, it is achieved through abstinence and fasting. Svembatara sect. Svetambara sect on the other hand believes that it is possible for women to achieve the level of Moksha. This is supported by the fact that sadhus are allowed to wear clothing, which means that women are not discriminated against . Though some Svetambaras view women as inferior to them, most of them do not. In fact, Mallinath who was a Tirthankar was actually female, according to Svetambara, though Digambara perceive Mallinath as male. Other influential female religious leaders were Rishabha's mother Marudevi and Mahavira's mother Trishala. There have also been allegations that monks in both sects have lesser restrictions than nuns. The role of women is however still significant, since evidence shows that the number of female ascetics is greater than that of males. There is also additional evidence that shows of other roles that they played, especially for lay-women. The lay-women for instance had important roles of transmitting values to their families. They also had the responsibility of preparation of food and offering it as alms to ascetics. They had a role to play in religion with evidence showing that they chanted and sung religious hymns. Finally, they used to narrate Jain stories to children. Conclusion. Jain religion has been seen to aim for spiritual growth through detachment from earthly possessions and living a life that helps mankind and protects the environment. Jain been seen to provide freedom to its followers to either leave their households and dedicate their lives to serving the religion or to undertake the same while doing their daily day to day activities. It has been seen to avoid violence to any being, both humans, animals or insects. Jainism has also been seen to be fair to all sexes, providing them with an equal opportunity to participate in religion regardless of their class in society. However, the level of enlightenment for women in the two sects is slightly different. The main reason for this difference originates from material possessions and clothing. Digambarans have been seen to be particularly restrictive of women's participation in religion and their reach of the level of Moksha, since they perceive that the fact that they wear clothing is a hindrance to their attaining purity. This has also been seen to be an excuse for other underlying issues relating to the female bodies. Menstruation and reproduction have been seen to be a form of violence and desire that Jainism faith is against . The perception that violence originates from bodies of women makes them unfit for achieving moksha. On the other hand, Svetambaras are seen to be more accommodating to women in religion, since they recognize that Jain teachings do not hinder anyone from wearing clothing. Other differences between the sects are seen to be minor, except the fact that they differ in the assertion that Mahavir was married and also the origins of his mother. The two sects are seen to be similar in their detachment from earthly possessions and their commitment in the Jain teachings. In my opinion, Jain faith as much as possible to be fair to women, and accord them equal chances to be ascetics, as men. However, the Digambarans are quite unfair to women, since the nature of their bodies is beyond their control. In menstruation makes women impure, questions can be raised on the body processes of removing waste, from both sexes. The Digambarans should be more accommodative to women and allow them too have a chance of attaining moksha, since every human being came from a woman's womb.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Compare and Contrast two theories of Bystander Behaviour Essay

â€Å"A man approached the gates of heaven and asked to be admitted. ‘Tell me one good thing you have ever done in your life’, said St Peter. ‘Well’, said the man. ‘I saw a group of skinheads harassing an elderly lady and so I went over and kicked the leader in the shin’. Impressed, St Peter asked when this act of bravery had occurred. ‘About 40 seconds ago,’ came the response.† (Cardwell, Clark & Meldrum 2001) Bystander apathy (effect) can be defined as a tendency for people to more likely act in an emergency or come to the aid of other when they are alone, or conversely, the lesser likelihood of an observer to help people in trouble if other people are present. (Corsini 1999). There have been many theories surrounding bystander behaviour; two prominent examples are Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darley’s (1970) Cognitive model and Piliavin et al.’s (1981) Bystander-calculus model. These theories have been widely discussed and have many similar and contrasting ideas. Latan and Darley’s cognitive model of bystander behaviour is considered a classic theory in psychology; it uses a five stage model to show that bystander intervention depends on the outcomes of a series of decisions. These stages progress from whether the bystander notices the incident to determining whether their intervention would put them in danger. The model argues that a person’s response could be inhibited at any time during the five stages, examples of these are; audience inhibition, social influence and norms, and diffusion of responsibility. (Latan & Nida 1981). A series of experiments were conducted in support of this theory. Latan and Darley (1970) carried out an experiment whereby male participants were invited to discuss some of the problems involved in life at a large university. While they were completing a questionnaire the room was filled with smoke through a wall vent. Participants were either alone, with two other participants they did not know, or with two confederates who completely ignored the smoke. Latanand Darley wanted to establish how the participants would react and how long they took to do it. The results showed that the hypothesis that people in such situations look to others around them to decide what to do was correct. 75% of the participants that were alone took positive action, 38% of the two-stranger groups reacted the same way, and only 10% of participants grouped with two confederates acted. Latan and Darley concluded that the presence of others can inhibit people from responding in an emergency; the more people, the slower the response. (Hogg & Vaughan 2002) In terms of evaluating Latan and Darley’s model, Schroeder et al. (1995) believe that this model provides a valuable framework for understanding Bystander behaviour. Although this model was originally designed to explain intervention in emergency situations it has been successfully applied to many other events. However, it doesn’t provide a complete picture; it doesn’t tell us why these ‘no’ decisions are taken at any of the five steps, particularly when the situation has been defined as an emergency and personal responsibility has been accepted. Also, as Dovidio (1995) points out, the model focuses on why people don’t help others – why people do intervene needs to be considered and research has shown that Piliavin et al.’s (1969,1981) Arousal-Cost-Reward Model investigates this. The second major theory surrounding Bystander Behaviour is the Arousal-Cost-Reward Model formulated by Piliavin et al. (1969, 1981). This theory was first developed in 1969 as an attempt to provide an explanation for the results of the New York Subway experiment. It was later revised in 1981 to cover both emergency and non-emergency intervention. The Arousal-Cost -Reward theory is a major alternative to Latan and Darley’s (1970) cognitive model; it has been suggested that it is a fine tuning of some of the processes outlined in the decision model by identifying a number of critical situational and bystander variables that help to determine whether the bystander will intervene in various circumstances. However, Latanà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ and Darley noted that labelling the failure to help a victim in an emergency is too simplistic as it could be concealing other variables and processes. (Hogg & Vaughan 2002) In 1981 Piliavin et al. revised the model and began to consider the influence of a new range of variables, such as bystander personality and mood, the clarity of the emergency, victim and potential helpers and the attributions made by potential helpers and the victims deservingness. Although some of these variables are addressed in Latan and Darley’s (1970) cognitive model, they are not focused on to the same extent.

Human resource is the most important asset for an organisation Essay

We know that manpower is playing a very important role in the entire organization as well as in economic. Why is the manpower very affecting toward every organization? Human resource can be defined as labor as well as all the employees within the entire organization regardless of rank. Human resource is a resource provided by labor. Peoples whoever working in a company consider employee including of higher management such as general manager and operation manager. For every organization needed labor in order to maintain the productivity of every sector. Meanwhile, organization must require professional to manage the labor, we call that human resource management. Human resource management is to maintain and manage in the labor sector of an organization. Human resource department is a group of professional that doing labor management such as recruitment, labor welfare, academic and research of staff training, management of performance appraisal of staff, benefits and compensation and em ployee relationship. When comes to human resource, it is also discuss about productivity in every sector of an organization. Nowadays, we understand that technology is growing rapidly in past decade, it brings huge impact for every sector including of human resource. It could be in positive and negative. We understand from Jared Lewis (n.d), some of the areas in human resource had significantly impacted by technology such as recruiting, training and data storage. Recruitment traditionally relies on publication on multimedia such as newspaper and poster. Since the technology was growing in past decade, we are realize that job vacancy are lesser appear in newspaper or street poster but Internet. Now people are more easy to seek opportunity in one platform which is Job website. I believe everyone has been through some training. Read more:  What are Human Resources? We could realize that most of the training was conducted with technology. In human resource, HR professional could be more efficient to reach every single employee by using technology such as training and access of personal particular of employees. On the other hand, some of the industries have more negative impact in human resource. Example in production industry, we know that machines provide efficiency and productivity; in the same time human resource are affected. Contrary, some of the industry required more human resource such as retail and food & beverage industry. For my point of view, technology critically impacted human resource sector. However, in certain way that human resource still irreplaceable. In economic, people study different impacts toward the economic growth; one of the critical factor could affect economic is unemployment. As we know Singapore is a country with no natural resources. Report from UNESCO Singapore in 2008, Singapore treated human capital is the most valuable asset for the country. Within an organizations. Human resource is also one of the most important assets. How could human capital affect the entire organizations? As we know people manage the entire system of an organization. In every sector of an organization needed human capital in order to process. Therefore, we realize high turn over rate of a company is not a good sign. Labor keep changing within a company lower the productivity; labor low confident and low morale brings huge impact in productivity. Some of the companies realize this valuable asset has high potential growth opportunity toward the company. We could see most of the company really taking care of their labor, which they will implement, benefits or provide allowance for their workers such as attendance allowance, best worker of the month rewards. Some of the small enterprise may also provide company trip as well. As we know that all above benefits and allowance had given to the workers is to maintain high morale and encourage workers; this is of the common strategy used in human resource management. Beside reward, there are some strategy was implemented to sustain low turn over rate such as sending employee to training and skill development courses to improve in quality of work force. Not necessary only HR department uses human resource management. In every single department in a company needed human resource management, which handled by the head of department. In order to ensure the operation well progress, superior have to be manageable and interactive to the subordinates. Compare to past decade, we realize that most of the industry were computerized and it brought huge impact toward labor force. However, human resource is still very important in every sector. Human resource is flexible, high potential of growth and manageable. As we know, in every  sector needed people to operate and ensure the operation flow going smooth including machine and computer operation. Changes in human source could affect every single corner in an organization. Nowadays, companies are more concern the issue of human resource; companies are trying as best as they can to sustain low turn over rate and improve quality of labor in order to bring the company towards growth. In every field, human resource is one of the keys to success and we realize human resource is the most valuable and important asset to the organization.

Friday, November 8, 2019

How To Take Notes

How To Take Notes It seems that it would be easy to write down stuff in class. That learning how to take notes would be a waste of time. However, the opposite is true. If you learn how to take notes effectively and efficiently, you’ll save yourself hours of study time just by observing a few simple tricks. If you dont like this method, then try out the Cornell System for taking notes! Choose Appropriate PaperThe right paper can mean the difference between complete frustration in class and organized notes. To take notes effectively, choose a sheet of loose, clean, lined paper, preferably college-ruled. There are a couple reasons for this choice:Choosing loose paper to take notes allows you to rearrange your notes in a binder if necessary, lend them easily to a friend, and remove and replace a page if it gets damaged.Using college-ruled paper means that the spaces between the lines are smaller, allowing you to write more per page, which is advantageous when you’re studying a lot of material. It won’t seem as much, and thus, as overwhelming.Use Pencil and Skip LinesNothing will make you more frustrated than taking notes and having to draw arrows from new content to a related idea your teacher was talking about 20 minutes ago. That’s why it’s important to skip lines. If your teacher brings up something new, you’ll have a place to squ eeze it in. And, if you take your notes in pencil, your notes will stay neat if you make a mistake and you won’t have to rewrite everything just to make sense of the lecture. Label Your PageYou don’t have to use a clean sheet of paper for every new note-taking session if you use appropriate labels. Start with the topic of the discussion (for study purposes later), fill in the date, class, chapters associated with the notes and teacher’s name. At the end of your notes for the day, draw a line crossing the page so you’ll have a very clear demarcation of each day’s notes. During the next lecture, use same format so your binder is consistent.Use an Organizational SystemSpeaking of organization, use one in your notes. Many people use an outline (I.II.III. A.B.C. 1.2.3.) but you can use circles or stars or whatever symbols youd like, as long as you stay consistent. If your teacher is scattered and doesn’t really lecture in that format, then just organize new ideas with numbers, so you don’t get one long paragraph of loosely-related content.Listen for ImportanceSome of the stuff your teacher says is irrelevant, but much of it needs remembering. So how do you decipher what to put down in your notes and what to disregard? Listen for importance by picking up dates, new terms or vocabulary, concepts, names, and explanations of ideas. If your teacher writes it down anywhere, he or she wants you to know it. If she talks about it for 15 minutes, she’s gonna quiz you on it. If he repeats it several times in the lecture, you’re responsible. Put Content Into Your Own WordsLearning how to take notes begins with learning how to paraphrase and summarize. You will learn new material better if you put it into your own words. When your teacher waxes wordy about Leningrad for 25 minutes, summarize the main idea into a few sentences you’ll be able to remember. If you try to write everything down word for word, you’ll miss stuff, and confuse yourself. Listen attentively, then write.Write LegiblyIt kind of goes without saying, but I’m gonna say it anyway. If your penmanship has ever been compared to chicken scratch, you better work on it. You’ll thwart your taking notes efforts if you can’t read what you’ve written! Force yourself to write clearly. I guarantee that you will not remember the exact lecture when it comes to exam time, so your notes are often going to be your only lifeline. Note Taking Tips Sit near the front of the class so you dont get distractedBring the appropriate supplies, good college-ruled paper and a pen or pencil that will allow you to write legibly and easily.Keep a folder or binder for every class, so youre more likely to keep your notes organized.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Showing, Not Telling, Personality Through Speech and Thought

Showing, Not Telling, Personality Through Speech and Thought Showing, Not Telling, Personality Through Speech and Thought Showing, Not Telling, Personality Through Speech and Thought By Mark Nichol You know the fiction-writing dictum â€Å"Show, don’t tell.† But how does it apply in practical terms when it comes to communicating characterization without exposition? People in different eras have unique speech and speech patterns, but restrain yourself from indulging in periodization in your historical novel; if your Elizabethan-era characters talk like Shakespeare’s, people 1) won’t understand much of what they say and 2) will be distracted by your forced and fatally flawed attempt at authenticity. Do, however, immerse yourself in that period’s society: What did people know about history and sociology and psychology and spirituality (even if they didn’t use those terms to identify them)? What were prevailing political and social and religious viewpoints? How open were people about expressing themselves? Be careful not to let modern sensibilities intrude on the way your characters speak and think, but do permit them and their speeches and thoughts to be accessible to modern readers. The extent to which characters will express their ideas and opinions, or ruminate about them, and the language with which they will do so, depends on a few other factors: People of different generations and different social backgrounds generally speak differently. Geriatric characters should exhibit speech and speech patterns distinct from juvenile ones and consistent with norms unless an exception is a deliberate dramatic point for instance, if a teenager who has switched bodies with an elderly person is trying to pass vocally as well as visually as a senior citizen. Likewise, the speech and thoughts of well-educated characters will usually be distinguishable from that of those of others with less formal schooling. Of course, no one should assume that a person with only a high school education is less intelligent than a college graduate, or the reverse, but their vocabulary and the level of sophistication of their thoughts will, unless they are self-educated, likely differ. Further individualization of characters makes fiction writing more vivid. How does one’s personality affect words and thoughts? A repressed person’s speech patterns will differ significantly from an extrovert’s. A tense, angry character will exhibit different rhythms of speech and thought than a carefree individual. Length of speeches and thoughts is also a consideration: Children do not soliloquize, and philosophically minded people do not tend to make snap judgments. Match the extent to which people speak and think to their personalities. But keep in mind that various sentence lengths and paragraph lengths have differing dramatic values, too long passages tend to be soothing (but, when too long, are soporific), while short bursts create or maintain tension (though, in excess, can be just as wearying as extensive paragraphs). In essence, capitalize on your knowledge of individual characters to establish vocabulary and modes of speech and thought, as well as on familiarity with societal norms for speaking and thinking appropriate to the era in which your characters live. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in S45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†While vs. Whilst

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Resourcing Essay The WritePass Journal

Resourcing Essay Introduction Resourcing Essay ). On the other hand, the UAE has one of the largest expatriate populations globally who are well skilled and capable of handling such challenging positions. Though the government offers the locals a competitive advantage for such lucrative positions, it is quite challenging to select an individual in such a competitive job market.   Furthermore, the success of an employee in an organisation is based on long-term investment on the employee by the organisation. The current labour laws in the UAE are very dynamic and are undergoing changes that may affect sustainability of an employee in an organisation especially in cases where a non-UAE national is to fill the post (UAEInteract, 2013). Such a case may result to short-lived career of an employee in the organisation thus destabilizing the performance of an organisation in such an important sector. Consequently, the process of selecting a candidate should not only focus on the experience and skills of the employee, but also future pro spects with regard to labour laws and policies. In conclusion, the competitiveness of an organisation is founded on selecting a human capital that can effectively meet the strategies and objectives of an organisation and employing strategies that will ensure the lowest rate of employee turnover as it is very costly for an organisation to change its workforce periodically (Merkel, 2010). The above process has identified the main areas of concern that should I will focus on when selecting a suitable and sustainable customer service manager for an organization. It is evident that not only skills and competencies are assessed in selecting an individual, but also a country’s labour laws and policies. Accordingly, when selecting a suitable candidate who will drive an organisation’s future successes, the above selection procedures should be followed coupled with effective induction and retention strategies. References Evans, A., 2001. Staff recruitment and retention: strategies for effective action – Review, Oxford, UK: Chandos Publishing. UAEInteract, 2013. Social Development – Employment: UAE, Retrieved from uaeinteract.com/news/default3.asp? ID=39 Merkle, J. 2010.  Management and Ideology. California. University of California Press. Conaty, B Ram C. 2011.  The Talent Masters: Why Smart Leaders Put People before Numbers. London. Crown Publishing Group.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Aguilar Surname Meaning and Origin

Aguilar Surname Meaning and Origin The popular Spanish last name Aguilar likely denotes that the surnames original bearer  came from any of numerous places called Aguilar or Aguilas, from the Latin aquilare, meaning haunt of eagles. Those of Spanish origin, for example, may have come from the city of Aguilar (also called Aguilar de la Frontera) in Spain, near Cà ³rdoba. Some other possible localities of origin include Aguilar de Campoo in Palencia, Spain, and Aguilar de Segarra from the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.   Aguilar is the 45th most common Hispanic surname. According to WorldNames PublicProfiler, the name is most commonly found today in Spain, especially in the Andalucia region, followed by Argentina. Top cities include the Spanish cities of Barcelona, Madrid, Malaga, and Sevilla, plus Los Angeles in the U.S. Surname Origin:  Spanish, Catalan, Jewish (Sephardic from Spain or Portugal) Alternate Surname Spellings:  AGUILERA, AGUILER, AGUILLAR, AGUILLARD Famous People with the Surname Aguilar Grace Aguilar - English novelist and poet, best known for her writing on  Jewish history and religionChristina Aguilera - American pop singer, song writer and actressJeronimo de Aguilar -  Franciscan friar involved in the 1519 Spanish conquest of MexicoPepe Aguilar - American-born Mexican  singer-songwriter and actor Genealogy Resources for the Surname Aguilar 50 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 50 common Hispanic last names? AGUILAR Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Aguilar surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Aguilar query. FamilySearch - AGUILAR GenealogyDiscover historical records and lineage-linked family trees for individuals with the Aguilar surname and its variations from this free genealogy website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. AGUILAR Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Aguilar surname. DistantCousin.com - AGUILAR Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Aguilar. References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Measuring UAE Bank Efficiency Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Measuring UAE Bank Efficiency - Dissertation Example Therefore, it is significant that such banking institutions be subjected to measurement and evaluation of their economic efficacies and performances in order to enable them to survive in the global competitive financial market. Â  The UAE is one the economies that have made significant efforts of achieving a sustainable economic growth. The UAE economy has been following a stringent diversification strategy that focuses on the outward-oriented growth policy. The UAE macroeconomic policy helps to unwind the fiscal stimulus of current years and reduce the currently high fiscal breakeven oil prices without undermining the economic recovery. UAE define itself as the regional financial center and international trading hub, which is being realized as a result of both increased oil production. The massive oil production has contributed to an increased economic growth, and it has contributed to the stabilization of the financial sector. Moreover, high financial productivity filters the economy into high levels of gross domestic and sustained remarkable economic growth. Varied economic indicators simply substantiate the efficiency and progression of the present UAE economy. Â  The macroeconomic indicators employed in focusing the health of the UAE economy comprises of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product), FDI (Financial Direct Investment) development, inflation Foreign trade, labor force and other significant variables of the economic relevance. Assessing diverse aspects of the UAE economy at the macroeconomic level is significant. This is because it facilitates an understanding of the current UAE economy and provides an apparent picture of its buoyancy and overall affluence.

The Jacket By Gary Soto Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Jacket By Gary Soto - Essay Example There were some kids who would call me names like geek and make fun of my eyeglasses all the time. The unsolicited public attention and other people’s opinion made a significant impact over the way I felt about myself. There were times when I felt really angry for being different from other children. Other times I pitied myself for being left out of the crowd. All I ever wanted was to be accepted by other people for who I am. After spending some time coming up with reasons for why other people thought of me differently, I realized that the lenses of my old pair of eyeglasses were even thicker than the glass of our aquarium at home. I decided to convince my mother to buy me another pair of eyeglasses made of thinner glass and black colored frames. While I was growing up, receiving a new pair of fashionable eyeglasses was always on my wish-list. As my father passed away while I was in elementary school, our income was not sufficient to financially support the daily needs of my family members. Aside from me being the eldest, I also had six other siblings my mother was taking care of. Because of financial limitations, I had no other choice but to understand my mother’s situation. For almost five years, I wore my old pair of eyeglasses everywhere I went. Due to a lack of other options, I had to face the humiliation of wearing my old pair of eyeglasses to school. During the five years I forced myself to wear my old pair of eyeglasses, I managed to accept the fact that I needed to feel comfortable in them even though they had made me look down on myself for some time. Because of my desire for acceptance, I pretended as if nothing really bothered me. By cleaning my old pair of eyeglasses without even looking through the lenses, I acted as if I was wearing cool and unique eyeglasses. When I reached the eighth grade, my large blue rounded eyeglasses started to blur

Friday, November 1, 2019

Middle Eastern Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Middle Eastern Humanities - Essay Example The dancer’s primary task is to embody the different musical rhythms for the people hearing the music (audience). Most Middle Eastern music has an effect known as a â€Å"call and response†. This creates a musical conversation and happens when one instrument plays a certain phrase and one another instruments responds to the lead instrument phrase. This however, changes through the composition and the supporting instruments may at times play the leading phrases. Middle Eastern music is played in scales that are commonly referred to as â€Å"Maqamat†. The main idea of the maqam is that it helps the musician to know the right intervals between scales. It also helps the musician to know the notes that he/she needs to emphasize. Research has shown that about 84% of the population from Middle East listens to music at least once a day (Justice 76). Music plays an important role in entertainment in the Middle East. People listen to music as a form of passing time and entertaining themselves. Middle Eastern music is also educative. Musicians use music as a tool to make the society a better place and also educate people. Sometimes musicians go to the extent of using their personal experiences to educate people. Music is also a source of inspiration. Some types of music encourage people not to give up when they face challenges in life. Music also helps to make work easier or more pleasant. Lastly music is also used for spiritual nourishment. Sacred songs play a role in impressing spiritual truth among people in the Middle

Language Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Language Portfolio - Essay Example This research is scattered across a number of different areas of inquiry and is of varying depth and quantity, ranging from expert opinion and linguistic analyses that is not accessible to practitioners, to a very few descriptive studies of classroom practice. A review of practical situation is needed to determine what the difference between general and academic language is. This difference can be traced when to examine different samples of text written in different style. In order to meet my research objective I will analyze language in both general and professional academic contexts, showing both differences and similarities of the language. These ideas will be incorporated into my own use of language. The main purpose of my study is to analyze language across the 3 genres. These genres include: vocabulary, grammar, style and treatment of evidence. In the course of my research I will compile different kinds of texts. Then I will compare these texts from the point of vocabulary, gra mmar, style and treatment of evidence. Finally, I will relate findings to my own language and will show how it is possible to apply my findings to my own writing. Professional language/General language Vocabulary The main purpose of business report is to inform or analyze rather than to dazzle your reader with exceptional jargon or complexity of your sentences. It means that there is no space for any kind of creative, adjective-filled prose in your report. You task is to put everything that belongs to business report. You can use â€Å"you,† but you should avoid â€Å"I† as well as long sentences or contractions. When choosing vocabulary for your task you should not forget that all that needed is to provide people with objective, non-emotive, and factual language. Consequently, there is no space for loaded words. In Appendix B you will find a sample of business report. The title of this report is Your Strategic Style Distribution. The first thing I would like to pay yo ur attention to is the use of generalizations lie â€Å"most†, â€Å"all† and etc. Academic business report also has its own technical words. When to read through the text in Appendix B, you will find the following specialized words: â€Å"I Opt†, â€Å"The RI†, â€Å"Reactive Stimulators†, â€Å"Hypothetical analyzer†, â€Å"The logical processor† all these words add special meaning to the text. When reading through this text you can get the idea that you are reading through academic research report simply because of language use. Grammar Punctuation is a crucial factor in ensuring that what you can reach your reader. Grammar should be the main focus of your assignment. Proper grammar use can help to make things clear and straightforward. It is strongly advised to avoid too long sentences. Instead you have to break your text into smaller units. Returning to appendix B you will see that the text does not contain long sentences. Instea d, all sentences are relatively short and clear. In order to understand my point, simply read the passage below: â€Å"In the â€Å"I Opt† survey measures the amount and kind of information a person considers before responding to new ideas, issues, goal/or processes. By understanding our strategic style(s) we are better equipped to increase our personal productivity and interactions with co-workers, family and friends. The following sections describe some of the ways this knowledge might be used for your benefit. (Smith, F . ,1983) Style Having dealt with